Lokaci na ƙarshe mun tattauna Bututun Vacuum Electric (EVPs a takaice).Kamar yadda muke iya gani, akwai fa'idodi da yawa na EVPs.Har ila yau EVPs suna da lahani da yawa, gami da hayaniya.A cikin yankin plateau, saboda ƙarancin iska, EVP ba zai iya samar da matsananciyar matsayi iri ɗaya kamar yadda yake a cikin fili ba, kuma taimakon injin haɓaka ba shi da kyau, kuma ƙarfin feda zai zama babba.Akwai kasawa guda biyu mafi muni.Daya shine tsawon rayuwa.Wasu EVPs masu arha suna da tsawon rayuwar ƙasa da sa'o'i 1,000.Sauran shine sharar makamashi.Dukanmu mun san cewa lokacin da abin hawa na lantarki yana tafiya ko kuma yana birki, ƙarfin juzu'i na iya motsa motar don juyawa don samar da halin yanzu.Waɗannan igiyoyin ruwa na iya cajin baturi kuma su adana wannan makamashi.Wannan shine farfadowar makamashin birki.Kar a raina wannan kuzarin.A cikin zagayowar NEDC na ƙaramin mota, idan za a iya dawo da ƙarfin birki gabaɗaya, zai iya adana kusan 17%.A cikin yanayin birni na yau da kullun, rabon makamashin da abin hawa ke cinyewa zuwa jimillar ƙarfin tuƙi zai iya kaiwa 50%.Ana iya ganin cewa idan za a iya inganta ƙimar dawo da makamashin birki, za a iya tsawaita zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa sosai kuma za a iya inganta tattalin arzikin abin hawa.An haɗa EVP a layi ɗaya tare da tsarin birki, wanda ke nufin cewa ƙarfin sake haɓakawa na motar yana kan saman ƙarfin birki na asali na asali, kuma ainihin ƙarfin birki na asali ba a daidaita shi ba.Adadin dawo da makamashi yayi ƙasa, kusan kashi 5% na Bosch iBooster da aka ambata daga baya.Bugu da ƙari, jin daɗin birki ba shi da kyau, kuma haɗawa da sauyawa na birki na farfadowa da kuma juzu'i zai haifar da girgiza.
Hoton da ke sama yana nuna tsarin SCB
Duk da haka, har yanzu ana amfani da EVP sosai, saboda siyar da motocin lantarki ba su da yawa, kuma ikon ƙirar chassis na cikin gida ma ba shi da kyau.Yawancinsu an kwafi chassis ne.Kusan ba zai yuwu a kera chassis don motocin lantarki ba.
Idan ba a yi amfani da EVP ba, ana buƙatar EHB (Mai haɓaka birki na lantarki).Ana iya raba EHB zuwa nau'i biyu, ɗaya yana tare da babban matsi mai ƙarfi, yawanci ana kiransa nau'in rigar.Wani kuma shi ne cewa motar kai tsaye tana tura piston na babban silinda, wanda yawanci ake kira busassun nau'in.Haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi sune ainihin tsoffin, kuma wakilin na ƙarshe shine Bosch iBooster.
Bari mu fara duba EHB tare da babban mai tara wutar lantarki, wanda a zahiri ingantaccen sigar ESP ne.Hakanan ana iya ɗaukar ESP azaman nau'in EHB, ESP na iya birki a hankali.
Hoton hagu shine zane-zane na dabaran ESP:
a--control bawul N225
b--tsanai mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi bawul N227
c-- bawul mai shigar da mai
d-- bawul mai fitar da mai
e-- birki silinda
f-- maida famfo
g--servo mai aiki
h--ƙananan tarawa
A cikin matakan haɓakawa, motar da mai tarawa suna gina matsi kafin famfo don dawo da ruwan birki.An rufe N225, an buɗe N227, kuma bawul ɗin shigar mai yana buɗewa har sai an birki ƙafafun zuwa ƙarfin birki da ake buƙata.
Abun da ke tattare da EHB daidai yake da na ESP, sai dai an maye gurbin mai tarawa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi da babban mai tarawa.Mai tarawa mai girma zai iya gina matsa lamba sau ɗaya kuma yayi amfani da shi sau da yawa, yayin da ƙananan matsa lamba na ESP zai iya gina matsa lamba sau ɗaya kuma ana iya amfani dashi sau ɗaya kawai.A duk lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi, mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren ESP da mafi daidaitattun kayan aikin famfo dole ne su jure yanayin zafi da matsa lamba, kuma ci gaba da amfani da shi akai-akai zai rage rayuwarsa.Sa'an nan kuma akwai iyakacin matsa lamba na ƙananan ma'auni.Gabaɗaya, matsakaicin ƙarfin birki shine kusan 0.5g.Matsakaicin ƙarfin birki yana sama da 0.8g, kuma 0.5g yayi nisa da isa.A farkon zane, tsarin birki mai sarrafa ESP ana amfani dashi kawai a cikin wasu yanayi na gaggawa, ba fiye da sau 10 a shekara ba.Don haka, ba za a iya amfani da ESP azaman tsarin birki na al'ada ba, kuma ana iya amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci a cikin yanayi na taimako ko gaggawa.
Hoton da ke sama yana nuna babban matsi na Toyota EBC, wanda yayi kama da tushen iskar gas.Tsarin masana'anta na masu tarawa mai ƙarfi abu ne mai wahala.Bosch ya fara amfani da ƙwallayen ajiyar makamashi.Ayyukan da aka yi ya tabbatar da cewa masu tarawa masu girma na nitrogen sun fi dacewa.
Toyota ita ce ta farko da ta fara amfani da tsarin EHB ga wata mota da aka kera da yawa, wadda ita ce farkon ƙarni na Prius (parameters | hoto) da aka ƙaddamar a ƙarshen 1997, kuma Toyota ya sanya mata suna EBC.Dangane da dawo da makamashin birki, EHB yana haɓaka sosai idan aka kwatanta da EVP na gargajiya, saboda an cire shi daga feda kuma yana iya zama tsarin tsari.Ana iya amfani da motar don dawo da makamashi da farko, kuma ana ƙara birki a mataki na ƙarshe.
A ƙarshen 2000, Bosch kuma ya samar da nasa EHB, wanda aka yi amfani da shi akan Mercedes-Benz SL500.Mercedes-Benz mai suna SBC.An fara amfani da tsarin EHB na Mercedes-Benz a cikin motocin mai, kamar tsarin taimako.Tsarin ya kasance mai rikitarwa kuma yana da bututu da yawa, kuma Mercedes-Benz ya tuno da E-Class (parameters | hotuna), SL-class (parameters | hotuna) da azuzuwan CLS (parameters | Photo) sedan, farashin kulawa yana da yawa mai girma, kuma yana ɗaukar fiye da yuan 20,000 don maye gurbin SBC.Mercedes-Benz ya dakatar da amfani da SBC bayan 2008. Bosch ya ci gaba da inganta wannan tsarin kuma ya canza zuwa masu tarawa mai girma na nitrogen.A cikin 2008, ta ƙaddamar da HAS-HEV, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin motocin haɗaka a Turai da BYD a China.
Daga baya, TRW kuma ta ƙaddamar da tsarin EHB, wanda TRW ya kira SCB.Yawancin hybrids na Ford a yau sune SCBs.
Tsarin EHB yana da rikitarwa sosai, mai tarawa mai ƙarfi yana jin tsoron rawar jiki, amincin ba shi da yawa, ƙarar kuma babba ne, farashi kuma yana da yawa, ana kuma tambayar rayuwar sabis, kuma farashin kulawa yana da girma.A cikin 2010, Hitachi ya ƙaddamar da busasshen EHB na farko a duniya, wato E-ACT, wanda kuma shine mafi haɓaka EHB a halin yanzu.rashin lafiya.Zagayowar R&D na E-ACT yana da tsayin shekaru 7, bayan kusan shekaru 5 na gwajin aminci.Sai a shekarar 2013 Bosch ya kaddamar da iBooster na ƙarni na farko, da kuma iBooster na biyu a cikin 2016. IBooster na ƙarni na biyu ya kai ingancin E-ACT na Hitachi, kuma Jafananci sun kasance a gaban tsarar Jamus a fagen. EHB.
Hoton da ke sama yana nuna tsarin E-ACT
Busasshen EHB yana jan sandar turawa kai tsaye da motar sannan ya tura piston na babban silinda.Ƙarfin jujjuyawar motar yana jujjuya zuwa ƙarfin motsi na linzamin kwamfuta ta hanyar abin nadi (E-ACT).A lokaci guda, dunƙule ball shima mai ragewa ne, wanda ke rage saurin motar zuwa Ƙarfafa ƙarfin kuzari yana tura fistan silinda.Ka'idar tana da sauqi qwarai.Dalilin da ya sa mutanen da suka gabata ba su yi amfani da wannan hanyar ba saboda tsarin birkin mota yana da matuƙar buƙatun aminci, kuma dole ne a tanadi isassun aikin sake aiki.Wahalhalun ya ta'allaka ne a cikin motar, wanda ke buƙatar ƙaramin girman motar, babban gudu (sama da juyi 10,000 a cikin minti daya), babban juzu'i, da kuma kyakyawan zafi.Mai ragewa kuma yana da wahala kuma yana buƙatar babban daidaiton injina.A lokaci guda, wajibi ne a yi tsarin ingantawa tare da tsarin tsarin hydraulic master.Saboda haka, busassun EHB ya bayyana a makara.
Hoton da ke sama yana nuna tsarin ciki na iBooster na ƙarni na farko.
Ana amfani da kayan tsutsotsi don raguwar matakai biyu don ƙara juzu'in motsi na linzamin kwamfuta.Tesla yana amfani da iBooster na ƙarni na farko a duk faɗin hukumar, da kuma duk sabbin motocin makamashi na Volkswagen da Porsche 918 suna amfani da iBooster na ƙarni na farko, GM's Cadillac CT6 da Chevrolet's Bolt EV kuma suna amfani da iBooster na ƙarni na farko.An ce wannan zane zai canza kashi 95% na makamashin birki na farfadowa zuwa wutar lantarki, wanda ke inganta yawan zirga-zirgar sabbin motocin makamashi.Hakanan lokacin amsawa ya fi guntu 75% fiye da tsarin EHB mai jika tare da mai tara matsa lamba.
Hoton dama na sama shine Sashin mu # EHB-HBS001 Electric Hydraulic Brake Booster wanda yayi daidai da hoton hagu na sama.Hagu taron shine iBooster na ƙarni na biyu, wanda ke amfani da kayan tsutsotsi na mataki na biyu zuwa ƙwanƙwasa matakin matakin farko don ragewa, yana rage girman girma da haɓaka daidaiton sarrafawa.Suna da samfuran jeri guda huɗu kuma girman ƙarar ya fito daga 4.5kN zuwa 8kN, kuma ana iya amfani da 8kN akan ƙaramin motar fasinja mai kujeru 9.
Za a ƙaddamar da IBC akan dandalin GM K2XX a cikin 2018, wanda shine jerin GM pickup.Lura cewa wannan motar mai.Tabbas, ana kuma iya amfani da motocin lantarki.
Zane da kuma sarrafa tsarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa yana da rikitarwa, yana buƙatar tarin gwaninta na dogon lokaci da kuma kyakkyawan ƙarfin injin, kuma koyaushe akwai sarari a cikin wannan fanni a China.A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, an yi watsi da gina ginin masana'anta, kuma an amince da ka'idar karbar bashi gaba daya;saboda tsarin birki yana da babban abin dogaro, kamfanoni masu tasowa ba za su iya gane su ta OEMs kwata-kwata.Sabili da haka, ƙira da kera na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa na tsarin birki na motar gaba ɗaya sun mamaye ta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa ko kamfanoni na ƙasashen waje, kuma don ƙira da samar da tsarin EHB, dole ne a yi docking da ƙirar gabaɗaya tare da. sashin hydraulic, wanda ke kaiwa ga dukkan tsarin EHB.Cikakkiyar ikon mallakar kamfanonin kasashen waje.
Baya ga EHB, akwai tsarin birki na ci-gaba, EMB, wanda kusan ya yi daidai a ka'idar.Yana watsar da duk tsarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kuma yana da ƙarancin farashi.Lokacin amsawa na tsarin lantarki shine kawai 90 millise seconds, wanda yafi sauri fiye da iBooster.Amma akwai kasawa da yawa.Hasara 1. Babu tsarin ajiya, wanda ke buƙatar babban aminci.Musamman ma, tsarin wutar lantarki dole ne ya kasance tabbatacce, sannan kuma rashin haƙuri na tsarin sadarwar bas.Serial sadarwa na kowane kumburi a cikin tsarin dole ne ya yi kuskure haƙuri.A lokaci guda, tsarin yana buƙatar aƙalla CPUs biyu don tabbatar da dogaro.Hasara 2. Rashin isasshen ƙarfin birki.Dole ne tsarin EMB ya kasance a cikin cibiya.Girman cibiya yana tabbatar da girman motar, wanda hakan ke tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin motar ba zai iya yin girma da yawa ba, yayin da motoci na yau da kullun suna buƙatar 1-2KW na ƙarfin birki, wanda a halin yanzu ba zai yiwu ga ƙananan motoci ba.Don isa tsayin daka, dole ne a ƙara ƙarfin shigar da wutar lantarki sosai, har ma yana da wahala sosai.Hasara 3. Yanayin yanayin aiki yana da girma, yanayin zafi kusa da pads ɗin birki ya kai ɗaruruwan digiri, kuma girman motar yana ƙayyade cewa kawai injin maganadisu na dindindin ne kawai za a iya amfani da shi, kuma magnet ɗin dindindin zai lalata a yanayin zafi mai yawa. .A lokaci guda, wasu na'urorin semiconductor na EMB suna buƙatar aiki kusa da pads.Babu abubuwan da aka gyara na semiconductor da za su iya jure wa irin wannan babban zafin jiki, kuma iyakancewar ƙarar yana sa ba zai yiwu a ƙara tsarin sanyaya ba.Rashin hasara 4. Wajibi ne don haɓaka tsarin da ya dace don chassis, kuma yana da wuya a daidaita tsarin ƙira, yana haifar da ƙimar haɓaka mai yawa.
Matsalar rashin isassun ƙarfin birki na EMB ƙila ba za a iya warware shi ba, saboda ƙarfin maganadisu na dindindin maganadisu, ƙananan ma'aunin zafin jiki na Curie, kuma EMB ba zai iya karya ta iyakar jiki ba.Koyaya, idan an rage buƙatun ƙarfin birki, EMB na iya zama mai amfani.Tsarin motocin lantarki na yanzu EPB shine birki na EMB.Sannan akwai EMB da aka sanya a baya wanda baya buƙatar ƙarfin birki mai ƙarfi, kamar Audi R8 E-TRON.
Dabaran na gaba na Audi R8 E-TRON har yanzu ƙirar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ce ta gargajiya, kuma motar ta baya EMB ce.
Hoton da ke sama yana nuna tsarin EMB na R8 E-TRON.
Muna iya ganin cewa diamita na motar na iya zama kusan girman ɗan yatsa.Duk masu kera tsarin birki kamar NTN, Shuguang Industry, Brembo, NSK, Wanxiang, Wanan, Haldex, da Wabco suna aiki tuƙuru akan EMB.Tabbas, Bosch, Continental da ZF TRW ba za su kasance marasa aiki ba.Amma EMB bazai taɓa iya maye gurbin tsarin birki na ruwa ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-16-2022